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Christopher Caldwell: The Biggest Policy Change of the Century
Nancy Pelosi and other members of Congress kneel to honor George Floyd on June 8, 2020. (Caroline Brehman via Getty Images)
Trump is not simply eliminating the affirmative-action enforcement machinery. He is throwing it into reverse.
By Christopher Caldwell
01.28.25 — U.S. Politics
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So tumultuous was the first week of Donald Trump’s second term that people have barely noticed, a week on, that last Tuesday he repealed affirmative action by executive order. That is astonishing.

For half a century, affirmative action has been the federal government’s principal instrument for carrying out desegregation, the longest and costliest moral crusade in American history. After the 1970s it was adapted to liberation movements, from feminism to gay rights. Supreme Court justices anguished over the way its call for special consideration of minorities might clash with the letter of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which barred racial discrimination. Over the past decade affirmative action became the hammer of the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) movement, which grew so unpopular that it has now brought affirmative action (and much else) down with it.

Trump’s decision to repeal it is the most significant policy change of this century—more significant than the Affordable Care Act of 2010 or anything done about Covid. How can people be talking about anything else? Yet major news outlets treat Trump’s bold move as a detail of personnel management: “Distress and Fury as Trump Upends Federal Jobs,” headlined The New York Times.

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Christopher Caldwell
Christopher Caldwell is the author of Reflections on the Revolution in Europe and, most recently, The Age of Entitlement.
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The Trump Transition
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